Canada has a Constitution, though many Americans don't seem to realize that. It was originally known as the British North America Act, and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms is included within it.
In 1866 representatives of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Canadas (at that time Canada consisted of
Upper Canada and Lower Canada, mainly comprised of what is now Ontario and Quebec) came together in London for final discussions with the Colonial Office. Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island for the moment had withdrawn from the confederation talks. The London Conference led directly to the most important statute in Canadian constitutional history, the British North America Act of 1867. This act, with its subsequent amendments, embodied the written constitution of Canada for more than a century. It was proclaimed on July 1, now celebrated as Canada Day. (Here in Halifax, that's also known as Cannabis day, when revelers flock to the green spaces of the city to partake in a leaf that looks not entirely unlike the Maple Leaf of our nation's flag.)
The British North America Act provided that there should be four provinces in the new Dominion--Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and
Nova Scotia--and that others could join later. Each province was to have its own seat of government, its own lawmaking body, and its own lieutenant governor to represent the Crown. In addition, the act established a federal government at Ottawa, composed of a House of Commons (elected), a Senate (appointed for life), and a governor-general as the Crown's representative. It set forth the matters on which the provinces could make laws and listed those that were the special concern of the government at Ottawa. Any powers not listed were to belong to the federal government. (The act remained in force until the Constitution Act of 1982.)
Newfoundland was an independent country from 1907 to 1934. They held out until 1949 before joining Canada in Confederation.
That spiffy little thing that happened in 1982, when I was in high school and old enough to understand and remember it? The British Parliament passed the
Canada Act, giving up all remaining constitutional and legislative authority over Canada. Yes, that's right, we Canadians have our own country just like you 'mericans have. We just went about getting our independance in a far more civilized manner.
See the Wiki if you need more details. CSIS is our intelligence agency here, and I've worked with them. They're pretty decent guys, and they have great anti-terrorist dogs, even if one of the pooches is terrified of elevators.
The Black Watch, the Queen's Royal Highland Regiment, uphold the standards of Clan Stewart and Her Majesty the Queen. Rumour has it the name and the tartan they wear originated in the Scottish Highlands in 1729 in service to "watch" for "blackmail." Black Mount? Other than the fact that the horses used by the RCMP are uniformly black with a limited number of white markings, never heard of 'em, despite years of sitting at my cousin's side as he talked about his adventures in the constabulary.
If anyone out there wants to knock Canada's military, they'd do well to look up the Black Watch and the
Royal 22e Regiment, known to their friends as the
VanDoos. Some folks would do well to read up on
Pierre Trudeau and at least get their facts about Canada updated to only thirty years out of date.
We don't live in igloos, we don't have snow year 'round and we don't all eat pemmican and whale blubber.
Canadians invented
basketball, codified
Lacrosse, created
the gas mask, the variable pitch propeller, Java (the programming language), the jetliner,
wireless radio,
the Black Berry, (He moved from Turkey when he was five. He's Canadian,) the
snowmobile, The foghorn, ( the inventor was Scots by birth, Canadian by virtue of living the majority of his life here,) the hydrofoil, metal detector and telephone, the snow blower,
the rotary snowplow, the music synthesizer, IMAX,
the Robertson screwdriver, the garbage bag, the light bulb, Easy -Off oven cleaner, the alkaline battery, and
the paint roller. Can't think of any famous Canadians? Let me help you.
Ruby Keeler.
Tommy Chong.
Glenn Ford.
Mary Pickford. (Yes, America's Sweetheart was Canadian.)
Walter Pidgeon.
Fay Wray.
Norma Shearer.
Joseph Wiseman.
Pamela Anderson.
Dan Ackroyd.
Paul Anka.
Norman Bethune.
Frederick Banting -- he discovered insulin.
Raymond Burr.
James Cameron.
John Candy.
Jim Carrey.
Kim Cattrall.
Steven Cojocaru.
David Cronenberg.
Elisha Cuthbert.
Keifer Sutherland.
Donald Sutherland.
James Doohan (That's Scotty from the original Trek for those who don't know.)
Lexa Doig.
Atom Egoyan.
Linda Evangelista.
Michael J. Fox.
Terry Fox.
Brendan Fraser.
Matt Frewer. (You may remember cola commercials with Max Headroom?)
Abraham Gesner -- he invented kerosene.
Robert Goulet.
Lorne Greene.
Tom Green.
Graham Greene.
Paul Haggis.
Corey Haim.
Rick Hansen.
Paul Gross.
Monty Hall. (Tell me you have never heard of him and I won't believe you unless you're under thirty.)
Shalom Harlow.
Phil Hartman.
William Hutt.
Michael Ironside.
Robert Ito.
Peter Jennings.
Margot Kidder.
Eugene Levy.
Evangeline Lilly.
Art Linkletter.
Howie Mandel.
Jay Manuel.
Louis B. Mayer -- you know, the guy who co-founded MGM.
Sarah McLachlan.
Eric McCormack.
Todd McFarlane.
Bat Masterson.
Lorne Michaels.
Rick Moranis.
Mike Myers.
Sandra Oh.
Matthew Perry.
Gordon Pinsent.
Sarah Polley.
Keanu Reeves.
Caroline Rhea.
Morely Safer.
Kyle Schmid.
Paul Shaffer.
Joe Shuster. You might know him from the little comic he and a friend created -- What was it called? Oh yeah,
Superman. David Steinberg.
Alan Thicke.
Alex Trebek.
Vanity.
Nia Vardalos.
John Vernon.
Moses Znaimer, who created MuchMusic in 1984 -- Canada's answer to MTV.
You may not like it when we knock the US, but we didn't elect Bush twice in a row, and I am, and will always be, proud to say I AM Canadian.